NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

a.        General Information and Authorisation of Financial Statements

The Company is registered in the British Virgin Islands under the BVI Business Companies Act 2004 with registered number 1396532 and is located at Craigmuir Chambers, Road Town, Tortola. The Company's ordinary shares are traded on AIM, a market of the London Stock Exchange.

The principal activity of the Company during the year was that of a holding company for a group engaged in the identification, evaluation, acquisition and development of natural resource projects.  

The Financial Statements of Arc Minerals Limited for the year ended 31 December 2023 were authorised for issue by the Board on 26 June 2024.

b.    Basis of Preparation

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and IFRS Interpretations Committee (IFRS IC) as adopted by the European Union.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical convention, as modified by the measurement to fair value of financial assets through profit and loss and held for sale assets and liabilities as described in the accounting policies below.

The financial information is presented in Pounds Sterling (£) and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand Pounds Sterling (£000's) unless otherwise stated.

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied unless otherwise stated.

c.     New and amended standards adopted by the Group

There were no new standards, amendments or interpretations effective for the first time for periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 that had a material effect on the consolidated or company financial statements.

At the date of approval of these financial statements, there were no new standards or amendments to IAS which have not been applied in these financial statements which were in issue but not yet effective and are expected to have a material impact on the consolidated and company financial statements.

d.    Basis of Consolidation

                The Consolidated Financial Statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries made up to 31 December. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee.

                Generally, there is a presumption that a majority of voting rights result in control. To support this presumption and when the Group has less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee, including:

·    The contractual arrangement with the other vote holders of the investee;

·    Rights arising from other contractual arrangements; and

·    The Group's voting rights and potential voting rights

The Group re-assesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control.

Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are entities over which the Group has control. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases. Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date the Group gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary.

The consolidated financial statements consolidate the financial statements of Arc Minerals Limited and the audited financial statements of its subsidiary undertakings made up to 31 December 2023.

When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with the Group's accounting policies. All intra-group assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between members of the Group are eliminated in full on consolidation.

e.    Associates

Associates are entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control, generally accompanying a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recognised at cost and the carrying amount is increased or decreased to recognise the investor's share of the profit or loss of the investee after the date of acquisition. The Group's investment in associates includes any goodwill identified on acquisition.

Where the ownership interest in an existing investment is increased whereby significant influence is obtained, the Group re-measures the existing investment immediately prior to obtaining significant influence with resulting gains/losses recognised immediately in profit or loss. The fair value of the existing investment added to the fair value of the consideration of the additional investment is treated as the deemed cost and is continued to be accounted for under the equity method.

If the ownership interest in an associate is reduced but significant influence is retained, only a proportionate share of the amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassified to profit or loss where appropriate.

The Group's share of post-acquisition profit or loss is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income, and its share of post-acquisition movements is recognised in the other comprehensive income section of the statement of comprehensive income with a corresponding adjustment to the carrying amount of the investment. When the Group's share of losses in an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, including any unsecured receivables, the Group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.

The Group determines at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that the investment in the associate is impaired. If this is the case, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amounts of the associate and its carrying value and recognises the amount adjacent to 'share of profit/loss of associate' in the group statement of comprehensive income.

When the Group loses significant influence over an associate, it derecognises that associate and recognises a profit or loss being the difference between the sum of the proceeds received and any retained interest, and the carrying amount of the investment in the associate at the date significant influence is lost.

Gains and losses resulting from upstream and downstream transactions between the Group and its associates are recognised in the Group's financial statements only to the extent of unrelated investor's interests in the associates. Unrealised losses are eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of associates have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.

Impairment gains and losses arising in investments in associates are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income.

When the Group gains control of an associate the fair value of the associate undertaking is then assessed with any gain or loss arising being recognised within the income statement.

f.     Going Concern

The Directors have reviewed a forecast prepared for the next 18 months, by the executive and have a reasonable expectation that the Group has sufficient funds to continue in operation and satisfy liabilities for the foreseeable future. The Directors therefore consider it appropriate for the Company to continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the Annual Report and Financial Statements.

g.    Business combinations

The Group applies the acquisition method to account for business combinations. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of the subsidiary is the fair value of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interests issued by the Group. The consideration transferred includes the fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at acquisition date. The Group recognises any non-controlling interest in the acquiree on an acquisition by acquisition basis; either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest's proportionate share of the recognised amounts of the acquiree's identifiable net asset.

Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred.

If a business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition date carrying value of the acquiree's previously held interest in the acquire is re-measured to fair value at the acquisition date; any gain or loss arising from such a re-measurement are recognised in profit or loss.

Goodwill is initially measured as the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the fair value of non-controlling interest over the identifiable net assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If this consideration is lower than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognised in profit or loss in the Income Statement.

Any interest of non-controlling interests in the acquiree is initially measured at the minority's proportion of the net fair value of the assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities recognised. There are no non- controlling shareholders of subsidiaries.

h.    Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Board, being the Group's chief operating decision-maker ("CODM").

i.     Foreign currencies

The Group presentational currency is pound sterling (GBP). Each entity in the Group determines its own functional currency and items included in the financial statements of each entity are measured using that functional currency. At present the functional currency for the Zambian subsidiaries is the Zambian Kwacha ("ZMW"). The functional currency of the Botswana subsidiary is the Botswanan Pula (BWP). The functional currency for all other entities is GBP.

The presentational currency (GBP) is used primarily because the Parent Company Arc Minerals Limited is listed on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) of the London Stock Exchange and raises its funding in GBP.

The results and financial position of all the Group entities that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:

·    monetary assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet;

·    income and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the accounting year; and

·    all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income where material.

On consolidation, exchange differences arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign entities, and of monetary items receivable from foreign subsidiaries for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future are taken to other comprehensive income. When a foreign operation is sold, such cumulative exchange differences are subsequently reclassified in the income statement as part of the gain or loss on sale.

j.     Taxation

Tax is recognised in the consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Deferred tax is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit.  However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill; deferred tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss.

In principle, deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries and associates, and interests in joint ventures, except where the Company is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted.

There has been no tax credit or expense for the year relating to current or deferred tax.

k.    Intangible assets

Exploration and evaluation assets

Exploration and development costs are carried forward in respect of areas of interest where the consolidated entity's rights to tenure are current and where these costs are expected to be recouped through successful development and exploration, or by sale. Alternatively, these costs are carried forward while active and significant operations are continuing in relation to the areas of interest and it is too early to make reasonable assessment of the existence or otherwise of economically recoverable reserves. When the area of interest is abandoned, exploration and evaluation costs previously capitalised are impaired.

Costs incurred by the Company on behalf of its subsidiaries and associated with mining development and investment are capitalised on a project-by-project basis pending determination of the feasibility of the project. Costs incurred include appropriate technical and administrative expenses but not general overheads. If a mining development project is successful, the related expenditures will be written-off over the estimated life (useful economic life) of the commercial ore reserves on a unit of production basis. Impairment reviews are carried out regularly by the Directors of the Company. Where a project is abandoned or is considered to be of no further commercial value, the related costs will be written off to the Statement of Comprehensive Income.

The recoverability of these costs is dependent upon the discovery of economically recoverable reserves, the ability of the Group to obtain necessary financing to complete the development of reserves and future profitable production or proceeds from the disposal of recoverable reserves.

l.     Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgements

The preparation of financial statements using accounting policies consistent with IFRS requires the Directors to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of income and expenses. The preparation of financial statements also requires the Directors to exercise judgement in the process of applying the accounting policies. Changes in estimates, assumptions and judgements can have a significant impact on the financial statements.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively from the period in which the estimates are revised. The following are the key estimate and assumption uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the next financial year:

(i)            Valuation of exploration, evaluation and development expenditure

The value of the Group's exploration, evaluation and development expenditure is dependent upon the success of the Group in discovering economic and recoverable mineral resources, especially in countries of operation where political, economic, legal, regulatory and social uncertainties are potential risk factors.

The future revenue flows relating to these assets are uncertain and will also be affected by competition, relative exchange rates and potential new legislation and related environmental requirements.

The Group is currently in the process of renewing its licences which expire in September 2024 and the Directors are not aware of any reason why any renewals or applications would not be granted.

The Group's ability to continue its exploration programmes and develop its projects is dependent on future fundraising, as well as the successful renewal of appropriate licensing, the outcome of which is uncertain but the directors are confident that the licences will be renewed. The ability of the Group to continue operating within its jurisdiction is dependent on a stable political environment which is uncertain.  This may also impact the Group's legal title to assets held which would affect the valuation of their assets.

The Group therefore makes estimates in relation to the valuation of these assets with consideration of these factors.

There have been no changes to any past valuations.

(ii)           Valuation of Casa Royalty

There are a number of key factors which affect the valuation of the Casa Royalty which has a face value of US$ 45m (GBP 40m). These include (a) development and construction timeframe; (b) appropriate discount factor; (c) availability of construction financing; (d) political stability (e) gold price and (f) ability to control timing of receipt.

Given these uncertainties the Company has elected to assign nil value to the Royalty. The Company will reassess this carrying value in future as the Misisi Project progresses along the development curve.   

Further information can be found in Note 4 (d)(ii)

(iii)        Sturec Resource Royalty

As disclosed in Note 16, Sturec was sold in February 2020. As part of the transaction if before November 2024, the Šturec JORC Indicated and Measured Resource exceeds 1.5 million ounces gold at a grade greater than 2.5g/t (inclusive of recoverable Ag equivalent), MetalsTech will pay Arc a further A$2 royalty per additional ounce of gold. This royalty is capped at 7 million ounces of gold or Australian dollars 11M. Because of the general uncertainty about the size of the Sturec resource and the difficulties of operating in Slovakia the Company has not recorded the royalty in the accounts.

(iv)         Recoverability of the US$ 5 million receivable in respect of the Casa Sale, first reported at 31 March 2021

The Casa asset was sold during the year ended 31 March 2020 with the consideration being a mixture of cash and royalty as above. The cash element was due for payment on 19 March 2021. As reported in Note 16, the terms of the original loan note were amended. As announced on 29 April 2022, the loan note was satisfied in full.

(v)          Valuation of short term investments

Short term investments comprise shares held in Asiamet Resources Ltd (AIM:ARS) and Tingo Inc (OTC:TMNA). Short term investments are measure initially, and subsequently revalued at reporting dates, at fair value through profit or loss. Similarly, changes in fair value are recognised through profit and loss. Additional information is contained in Note 17.

(vi)         Investment in associate

The investment in associate arises as a result of the partial disposal of Handa Resources Limited (Handa) as a subsidiary. The investment shareholding decreased from 66% (a subsidiary) to 30% (an associate). Unico lost control in a series of five contractual arrangements that were entered into for the purposes of the Joint Venture (JV) agreement with Anglo American BV. Consequently, single transaction accounting was applied in accounting for the transaction. See Note 14 for details of this agreement). The remaining investment, after the partial disposal of Handa, was fair valued as at the date of the disposal (See Note 13) and is subsequently measured using the equity method at year end.

During 2023, the Group submitted three mining license applications as part of preparing for completion of the JV with a subsidiary of Anglo American, being 33402-HQ-LML, 33403-HQ-LML and 33404-HQ-LML over the exploration licenses 23004-HQ-LEL and 19906-HQ-LEL. All of the mining licence applications were approved and validated by the Mining Cadastre Department and, following submission of the subsequent requisite documentation, the Mines Advisory Committee (MAC) was expected to meet to review the finalised LML applications prior to issuance of the Mining Licenses.

As announced on 17 June 2024, the Mining Cadastre Department published the results of the MAC meeting pursuant to which these applications and were rejected and Zaco Investments Limited's application with respect to 23004-HQ-LEL was marked as deferred pending an information request. As the applications were validly submitted and validated by the Zambian Mining Cadastre, the Company has been advised that Handa and Zaco will be appealing the decision of the Mining Licence Committee to reject the Mining Licence Applications and are engaging with the Mining Cadastre to have the appeal heard as soon as possible so that the applications can be reinstated and/or considered positively in accordance with the law.

(vii)        Regency recoverability (whilst outstanding for some time, management believes, having made reasonable enquiries, that this remains recoverable).

m.   Equity

Equity comprises the following:

·     "Share capital" represents the nominal value of the Ordinary shares;

·     "Share Premium" represents consideration less nominal value of issued shares and costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares;

·     "Share based payment reserve" represents stock options awarded by the group;

·     "Warrant reserve" represents warrants granted by the group;

·     "Foreign exchange reserve" represents the translation differences arising from translating the financial statement items from functional currency to presentational currency and foreign exchange differences arising on the elimination of intercompany loans forming part of the investment of subsidiaries;

·     "Retained earnings" represents retained losses.

·     "Non-controlling interest" represents the interests of minority shareholders in the assets and liabilities of the Group.

n.    Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand.

o.    Trade and other receivables

Receivables are recognised initially at amortised cost, being their initial fair value. These are classified as loans and receivables, and so are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The Directors are of the view that such items are collectible and that no provisions are required.

p.    Financial instruments

(i)            Classification

The Group classifies its financial assets at amortised cost and at fair value through the profit or loss or OCI. The classification depends on the purpose for which the financial assets were acquired. Management determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition

(ii)           Recognition and measurement

Amortised cost

Regular purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date at cost - the date on which the Group commits to purchasing or selling the asset. Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets have expired or have been transferred, and the Group has transferred substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership. 

Fair value through the profit or loss

Financial assets that do not meet the criteria for being measured at amortised cost or FVTOCI are measured at FVTPL.

Financial assets at FTVPL, are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any fair value gains or losses recognised in profit or loss. Fair value is determined by using market observable inputs and data as far as possible. Inputs used in determining fair value measurements are categorised into different levels based on how observable the inputs used in the valuation technique utilised are (the 'fair value hierarchy'):

- Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical items (unadjusted)

- Level 2: Observable direct or indirect inputs other than Level 1 inputs

- Level 3: Unobservable inputs (i.e. not derived from market data).

The classification of an item into the above levels is based on the lowest level of the inputs used that has a significant effect on the fair value measurement of the item. Transfers of items between levels are recognised in the period they occur.

Listed investments are valued at closing bid price on 31 December 2023. For measurement purposes, financial investments are designated at fair value through the income statement. Gains and losses on the realisation of investments are recognised in the income statement for the period. The difference between the market value of financial instruments and book value to the Company is shown as a gain or loss in the income statement for the period.

(iii)          Impairment of financial assets

The Group recognises an allowance for expected credit losses (ECLs) for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original Effective Interest Rate ("EIR"). The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.

ECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are provided for credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12-months (a 12-month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespective of the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).

For trade receivables (not subject to provisional pricing) and other receivables due in less than 12 months, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs, as permitted by IFRS 9. Therefore, the Group does not track changes in credit risk, but instead, recognises a loss allowance based on the financial asset's lifetime ECL at each reporting date.

The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 90 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows and usually occurs when past due for more than one year and not subject to enforcement activity.

At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether financial assets carried at amortised cost are credit impaired. A financial asset is credit-impaired when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

(iv)         Derecognition

The Group derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity.

On derecognition of a financial asset measured at amortised cost, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in profit or loss. This is the same treatment for a financial asset measured at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group's financial liabilities include trade and other payables and loans.

Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Trade and other payables

After initial recognition, trade and other payables are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate ("EIR") method. Gains and losses are recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income when the liabilities are derecognised, as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the associated obligation is discharged or cancelled or expires.

When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in profit or loss and other comprehensive income.

Financial liabilities included in trade and other payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently at amortised cost.

Fair value measurement

IFRS 13 establishes a single source of guidance for all fair value measurements. IFRS 13 does not change when an entity is required to use fair value, but rather provides guidance on how to measure fair value under IFRS when fair value is require or permitted. The resulting calculations under IFRS 13 affected the principles that the Company uses to assess the fair value, but the assessment of fair value under IFRS 13 has not materially changed the fair values recognised or disclosed. IFRS 13 mainly impacts the disclosures of the Company. It requires specific disclosures about fair value measurements and disclosures of fair values, some of which replace existing disclosure requirements in other standards.

q.    Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. 

Depreciation is provided on all property, plant and equipment to write off the cost less estimated residual value of each asset at 25% on a straight-line basis.

All assets are subject to annual impairment reviews.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.  The carrying amount of the replacement part is derecognised. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Comprehensive Income during the financial period in which they are incurred.

The asset's residual value and useful economic lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

An asset's carrying value is written down to its recoverable amount if the asset's carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

Gains and losses on disposal are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised within the Statement of Comprehensive Income.

r.     Impairment of assets

The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired.  If any such indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group makes an estimate of the asset's recoverable amount. 

An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. This is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets, and the asset's value in use cannot be estimated to be close to its fair value.  In such cases, the asset is tested for impairment as part of the cash-generating unit to which it belongs.  When the carrying amount of an asset or cash-generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, it is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.  Impairment losses relating to continuing operations are recognised in those expense categories consistent with the function of the impaired asset, unless the asset is carried at revalued amount (in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease). 

An assessment is also made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognised impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased.  If such indication exists, the recoverable amount is estimated.  A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised.  If that is the case, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to its recoverable amount.  That increased amount cannot exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.  Such reversal is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income unless the asset is carried at revalued amount, in which case the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.  After such a reversal, the depreciation charge is adjusted in future periods to allocate the asset's revised carrying amount, less any residual value, on a systematic basis over its remaining useful life. 

s.     Share-based payments

The Group provides benefits to senior personnel, consultants and advisors of the Group in the form of share-based payments, whereby such parties render services in exchange for shares or rights over shares (equity-settled transactions). 

The cost of these equity-settled transactions with such parties is measured by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments at the date at which they are granted.  The fair value is determined by using a Black-Scholes model. 

In valuing equity-settled transactions, no account is taken of any performance conditions, other than conditions linked to the price of the shares of Arc Minerals Limited (market conditions) if applicable. 

The cost of equity-settled transactions is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled, ending on the date on which the relevant party become fully entitled to the award (the vesting period). 

The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until vesting date reflects:

(i)     the extent to which the vesting period has expired, and;

(ii)    the Group's best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest.

No adjustment is made for the likelihood of market performance conditions being met, as the effect of these conditions is included in the determination of fair value at grant date.  The charge to the Income Statement for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period. 

No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest, except for awards where vesting is only conditional upon a market condition. 

Upon expiry, the associated portion of the share option reserve is derecognised and recorded against retained losses.

The dilutive effect, if any, of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of earnings/ (loss) per share. 

t.     Earnings per share

Basic EPS is calculated as profit attributable to equity holders of the parent for the period, adjusted to exclude any costs of servicing equity (other than dividends), divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares, adjusted for any bonus element. Fully-diluted EPS adjusts Basic EPS to reflect the impact if all share purchase warrants and options were exercised.

u.    Borrowings

Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred.  Borrowings are subsequently carried at amortised cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognised in the income statement over the period of the borrowings, using the effective interest method.

Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down.  To the extent that there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalised as a prepayment for liquidity services, and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the group has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the end of the reporting period.

2.  Segmental analysis

Segment information has been determined based on the information reviewed by the Board for the purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance.  No revenue is currently being generated.

Head office activities are administrative in nature whilst the activities in Zambia and Botswana relate to exploration and development work.

Segment results, assets and liabilities include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocate on a reasonable basis.

3.   Expenses by nature

Auditors Remuneration

During the year, the Group obtained the following services from the Company's auditor:

Employee information

The average number of persons employed in the Group through payroll was nil (2022 - nil) at a cost of nil (2022 - nil). See note 7 for details of key management remuneration.

4.  Disposals of held for sale assets and Zamsort subsidiary

Handa Disposal as part of Anglo Joint Venture

On 12 May 2022 the Company announced that it, together with its partners, had entered into an agreement with Anglo American with the intention to form a joint venture in respect of its Zambian copper interests.  The key commercial terms of the Joint Venture were that, upon signing of a binding Joint Venture Agreement ("JV Agreement"), Anglo American would have an initial ownership interest of 70% with Arc and its partners holding the balance via Unico Minerals Ltd ("Unico") in which Arc will have a 67% interest with the balance held by its partners. On 20 April 2023, the JV Agreement was signed subject to completing certain conditions precedent including a restructuring of the Group's assets, obtaining approvals from relevant government and regulatory authorities and other customary conditions. On 10 November 2023 (the Effective Date), the Company satisfied the Conditions Precedent (see Note 14).

The related financial information is set out below:

a)  Results of disposal group prior to disposal

b)  Cash flows of disposal group prior to disposal

c)  Assets and liabilities of disposal group ⁽ⁱ⁾

d)  Disposal group on 10 November 2023

Zamsort Settlement

As announced in February 2022, the Company announced that the parties to the legal cases in Zambia and in the UK have come to an agreement to settle various disputed matters and for all legal proceedings to be permanently dropped (the "Settlement Agreement"). The Settlement Agreement was submitted to Zambian courts to effect a Consent Judgement which has the force of law.

In return for the claimant parties, being Terra Metals Limited, Zambia Mineral Exchange Corporation Limited and their related parties (Mumena Mushinge, Brian Chisala and Katambi Bulawayo), relinquishing all claims against Zamsort or any other company in the Arc Minerals Ltd Group, present or contingent, and in full and final settlement of all claims in formal conclusion of all matters, the Group agreed to transfer to the claimant parties, for nil consideration, 100% of the issued share capital of Zamsort Ltd (the "Zamsort Transfer"), which owns the pilot plant. The Group also agreed to consent to the claimant parties applying for the 8 square kilometre small mining and small exploration license areas that were previously in existence at Zamsort prior to Arc's involvement (the "Original Zamsort License Area").

The pilot plant, related equipment and intangible assets that relate to the Original Zamsort License Area have remained in Zamsort and all other assets and liabilities of Zamsort immediately preceding the date of the Zamsort Transfer (the "Assets and Liabilities transferred to Handa subsidiary") were transferred to Handa Resources Ltd. The total loss on the transfer of Zamsort was £4.67m.

All of the Group's representative directors who served on the board of directors of Zamsort resigned effective 1 April 2022.

The related financial information is set out below:

a)  Results of disposal group prior to disposal

b)  Cash flows of disposal Group prior to disposal

c)  Assets and liabilities of disposal Group ⁽ⁱ⁾

Assets classified as held for sale (2022)

d)  Zamsort subsidiary disposal on 31 March 2022

5. Taxation

Taxation reconciliation

The charge for the year can be reconciled to the loss per the consolidated statement of comprehensive income:

The weighted average applicable tax rate of 25.20% (2022: 0.96%) used is a combination of the 0% corporation tax in the BVI (2022:0%), 30% corporation tax in Zambia (2022: 30%) and 22% corporation tax in Botswana (2022: 22%).

A deferred tax asset has not been provided for in accordance with IAS 12 due to uncertainty as to when profits will be generated against which to relieve any such asset. The Group does not have a material deferred tax liability at the year end.

The tax rate used is the weighted average rate of the British Virgin Islands, the Republic of Botswana and the Republic of Zambia (up to the date of the disposal of the Zambian subsidiaries). Unused tax losses available in Botswana approximate BWP 761k at 31 December 2023 (31 December 2022 - BWP 127k), being approximately GBP 45k (31 December 2022 - £8k).

6.   Dividends

Unico declared dividends of £2,863k of which 67% (£1,918) was distributed to the Company on 10 November 2023 (31 December 2022: nil). The net difference of £945k was the distribution to the minority shareholders.

7.   Key management remuneration

^{(i) Includes £30k paid in lieu of contractual notice with respect to R Welschinger's former office as Finance Director.}

^{(ii) C Mulenga resigned effective 27 March 2023.}

^{(iii) I Lynch was appointed to the office of Chief Financial Officer in November 2023.}

^{(iv) This represents 50% of bonuses declared during the year. The remaining 50% was declared on a deferred basis and will be payable in 2024 in cash or in shares at the discretion of Management.}

8. Earnings per share

The calculation of Earnings per share is based on the loss attributable to equity holders divided by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.